KHORDHA, ODISHA
Chilika Lake In Khordha Odisha is a salty water tidal pond, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam locale of Odisha state on the east shoreline of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, streaming into the Bay of Bengal, covering a space of more than 1,100 km².
Chilika Lake is the biggest beachfront tidal pond in India and the biggest salty water tidal pond in the world after The New Caledonian hindrance reef. It has been recorded as a provisional UNESCO World Heritage site.
It is the biggest wintering ground for transient birds on the Indian sub-landmass. The lake is home to various compromised types of plants and creatures. The lake is an environment with enormous fishery assets. It supports more than 150,000 fisherfolk living in 132 towns on the shore and islands.
The tidal pond has more than 160 types of birds in the pinnacle transient season. Birds from to the extent the Caspian Sea, Lake Baikal, the Aral Sea and other far-off pieces of Russia, Kirghiz steppes of Kazakhstan, Central and Southeast Asia, Ladakh, and the Himalayas come here. These birds travel significant stretches; some of them potentially head out dependent upon 12,000 km, to arrive at Chilika Lake.
In 1981, Chilika Lake was assigned the main Indian wetland of worldwide significance under the Ramsar Convention. As per an overview, 45 percent of the birds are earthly in nature, 32% are waterfowl, and 23 percent are waders. The tidal pond is additionally home to 14 sorts of raptors. Around 152 uncommon and imperiled Irrawaddy dolphins have likewise been accounted for. Also, the tidal pond upholds around 37 types of reptiles and creatures of land and water.
The exceptionally gainful Chilika Lagoon biological system with its rich fishery assets supports the business for some anglers who live in and close to the tidal pond. The water spread space of the tidal pond ranges somewhere in the range of 1165 and 906 km2 during the rainstorm and summer separately. A 32 km long, thin, external channel associates the tidal pond to the Bay of Bengal, close to the town Motto. All the more as of late another mouth has been opened by CDA which has carried another rent of life to the tidal pond.
Microalgae, marine kelp, seagrasses, fish, and crab additionally thrive in the saline water of the Chilika Lagoon. Particularly the recuperation of seagrass beds as of late is an inviting pattern that may in the end bring about the re-colonization of jeopardized dugongs.
Geographical proof shows that Chilika Lake was important for the Bay of Bengal during the later phases of the Pleistocene time frame (1.8 million to 10,000 years BP).
Unearthings were directed by the Archeological Survey of India at Golabai Sasan (20°1′7″N 85°32′54″E) only north of Chilika lake in Khurdha district. Golabki gives proof of an arrangement of Chilika territory culture in three stages: Neolithic (c. 1600 BCE), Chalcolithic (c. 1400 BCE to c. 900 BCE) and Iron Age (c. 900 BCE to c. 800 BCE).
Radiocarbon dating followed the most punctual degree of Global to 2300 BCE. The site is situated on the left bank of the Malaguti River, a feeder of the Daya River, which streams into Chilika Lake. This area, which offered admittance to the ocean through Chilika Lake, gives solid proof of the sea exercises of this locale. The recuperation of numerous carpentry adzes and different curios shows that Golabai was a boat-building focus.
Fundamentally, Golabai is the lone uncovered site in Odisha where the boat building has been uncovered. This likewise shows that Chilika lake was exceptionally near Golabai and it worked with the sea exchange of individuals nearby during the antiquated period..
Some antiquated writings say the southern area of Chilika was a significant harbour for oceanic trade, when Kharavela (c. 209 BCE–after 170 BCE), the King of Kalinga, was known as the “Ruler of the Sea”.
Ptolemy (150 CE), the Greek geographer, alluded to Palur as the port Paloura, found near the take-off point arranged outside of the southern tip of the lake at Kantiagarh, from where boats headed for various pieces of Southeast Asia cruised.
After 639, the Chinese pioneers Fa-Hien and Hiuen-Tsang noticed a celebrated port “Che-li-ta-loChing” close to the shore of the sea, a lane and resting place for seagoing brokers and outsiders from inaccessible grounds. This port was situated at ‘Chhatragarh’ on the banks of Chilika Lake.
A fourth-century legend, regularly advised to clarify the introduction of Chilika, states that the privateer ruler, Raktabahhu, wanted to assault Puri with an enormous armada of boats. To stay away from recognition, he subtly moored far away, off the mouth to the ocean. The double-dealing was uncovered by boats’ decline coasting to the shore, in this manner notice the town’s kin, who got away with every one of their assets.
Raktabahu felt sold out when he tracked down a neglected town and coordinated his fierceness towards the ocean that had deceived him. The ocean separated to allow the military to walk in, at that point flooded back, suffocated the military, and shaped the present lake.
Archaeological unearthings found seventh-century transport anchors and stone diaries committed to fighting legends at a town named Kanas, around 25 km (16 mi) north of Chilika on the banks of the Nuna stream, which streams into the lake. This gives proof of a memorable maritime commitment off the coast.
A tenth-century text, the Brahmanda Purana, refers to Chilika Lake as a significant focus of exchange and trade, and a safe house for ships cruising to Java, Malaya, Singhala, China, and different nations. This proposes that the lake was then profound enough for berthing seagoing boats and had a channel to the ocean large enough for stacked exchanging ships leaving to Southeast Asia. The townspeople around Chilika Lake actually notice a yearly celebration called “Bali Yatra” (Journey to Bali).
In 1803, the British entered the shores of the lake, arrived at Puri, and involved Odisha with the assistance of Fateh Muhammed. Fateh Muhammed, thusly, was compensated by the British with the freehold of the spaces of Malud and Parikud, of the present-day Garh Krishnaprasad income block.
Throughout the long term, writers including Kabibar Radhanath Ray and Pandit Godavarish Mishra, political dissidents, and Saints have lauded the trustworthiness of the lake as appropriate to its social, profound, strict, and picturesque aspects.
“Gopabandhu Das, an acclaimed Odiya writer, got fretful to see the magnificence of the walk of bright sights and hints of Chilika tidal pond while passing via train. He asked the quickly moving train to stop briefly so he could appreciate the magnificence. It is a direct result of the magnificence that captures him much”
Chilika Lake is a shallow bar-assembled estuary with huge spaces of mudflats. The western and southern edges of the lake are bordered by the Eastern Ghats slope range.
A few inland waterways, which carry sediment into the lake, control the northern finish of the lake. A 60 km (37 mi) long obstruction sea shore called Rejhansa, framed by northerly flows in the Bay of Bengal, brought about the arrangement of this shallow lake and structures its eastern side. As a transient lake, its water surface region shifts from 1,165 km2 (449.8 sq mi) in the late spring rainstorm season to 906 km2 (349.8 sq mi) in the colder time of year dry season.
The lake has various islands. The bigger islands, isolated by shallow channels, lie between the hindrance and the fundamental body of the lake. A sum of 42 km2 (16 sq mi) of channels interface the lake with the Bay of Bengal. The six significant islands are Parikud, Phulbari, Berahpura, Nuapara, Nalbana, and Tampara. These islands, along with the Peninsula of Malud, establish the Krishnaprasad Revenue Block of Puri District.
The north shore of the lake is important for Khordha District and the western shore is essential for Ganjam District. Because of siltation, the width of the hindrance has varied and the mouth to the ocean has occasionally been shut. The area of the mouth has likewise every now and again moved, by and large towards the upper east. The mouth, which was 1.5 km (0.9 mi) wide in 1780, was just .75 km (0.5 mi) after forty years. The nearby anglers, to keep up their business, needed to slice open the mouth routinely to access the ocean for fishing.
The water profundity of the lake fluctuates from 0.9 to 2.6 ft (0.3 to 0.8 m) in the dry season to 1.8 to 4.2 m (5.9 to 13.8 ft) in the blustery season. The width of the old channel to the ocean, presently answered to be around 100 m (330 ft), is known as Magarmukha (Mouth of the Crocodile). The lake is partitioned into four separate zones specifically, the southern, focal, northern areas, and the external channel region. A 32 km (19.9 mi) long external channel associates the lake with the Bay of Bengal at Arakhuda town. The lake is enigmatically pear-formed and has a most extreme length of 64.3 km (40.0 mi) with a mean width of 20.1 km (12.5 mi).
The catchment of the tidal pond appreciates an ordinarily heat and humidity with a normal yearly Maximum temperature 39.9°c, Minimum temperature of 14.0°c. The tidal pond which encounters South-west and North-east rainstorm during June to September and November to December separately.
During December and January cold wave conditions win half a month because of Western aggravations in North India. In the inland bumpy plot, the environment is relatively drier with higher temperature during the hot months and marginally cooler in winter.
December to February is the colder time of year season, which is trailed by hot season from March to May. The time frame from June to September is the rainstorm season while October and November months are the post-storm change months. The normal precipitation in the catchment is 1238.8 mm with 72 stormy days. The breeze speed is high during the period of March to July and speed is low throughout the colder time of year season.
The breeze speed for the most part from North and northeasterly course and during rainstorm month it is for the most part southerly and southwesterly heading due the impact of the South-west storm and the breeze speed changes from 5.3 to 16.0(Km/Hour).
You can get food from Hotels in the town area.
Best time to visit: Oct-Feb.
By Air
The nearest airport is at Bhubaneswar, 98 km. from Balugaon, 105 km from Barkul and, 130 km from Rambha, 108 km from Satapada.
By Train
The nearest railhead is at Balugaon for Barkul (6kms), Puri for Satapada (50kms). Rambha is also a railhead. Bhubaneswar is yet another convenient railhead for visiting Chilika Lake.
By Road
Barkul, Balugoan and Rambha are situated on National Highway No.5. Regular buses ply between Berhampur and Bhubaneswar, which stop at Rambha and Balugoan. Tourists can avail of auto rickshaws and taxi from both these places and reach the lake in a short while.
To visit Chilika In Khordha Odisha, You have to prepare for boating. This place has rich history and culture. It is advisable to bring a camera to capture its beauty.
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